Fundamentación: el desarrollo de la cultura profesional docente colaborativo se sustenta en los postulados vigotskianos, donde se concibe al profesor como un sujeto comprometido con las demandas y exigencias de la sociedad. Objetivo: socializar las categorías de análisis que se deben tener en cuenta en un colectivo docente para el desarrollo de una cultura profesional colaborativa en el proceso de formación del profesional de la educación superior. Método: se realizó un estudio etnográfico en la Universidad José Martí Pérez, de (...) Sancti Spíritus, apoyada en la metodología cualitativa y un grupo de técnicas posibilitó la recogida de la información. Resultados: se obtuvieron las categorías de análisis que están estrechamente asociadas al deber ser de un docente universitario, portador de esta cultura. Conclusiones: a partir de la coincidencia de criterios sobre los aspectos teóricos y la reflexión colectiva emergieron elementos indispensables en un colectivo para lograr la cultura profesional docente colaborativa a la cual se aspira, elaborados al tener en cuenta su estructura de contenido y forma. Background: the development of collaborative professional teaching culture is based on Vigotskian statements, where the teacher is seen as an individual compromised with the demanding and needs of the society. Objective: Socialize the analytical categories that should be taken into consideration in a teaching staff for the development of collaborative professional teaching culture in the process formation of the professional of higher education. Method: an ethnographic study was carried out in the University José Marti Pérez, from Sancti Spiritus, based on a qualitative methodology and a group of techniques that make data collection possible. Results: The analytical categories obtained were closely linked to the requirements of a university teacher that has this culture. Conclusions: starting from common criteria about theoretical aspects and group reflection, vital elements emerged in the teaching staff to get the collaborative professional teaching culture that is needed, elaborated taking into account its structure of content and form. (shrink)

With the advent of the cloud computing model allowing a shared access to massive computing facilities, a surging demand emerges for the protection of the intellectual property tied to the programs executed on these uncontrolled systems. If novel paradigm as confidential computing aims at protecting the data manipulated during the execution, obfuscating techniques (in particular at the source code level) remain a popular solution to conceal the purpose of a program or its logic without altering its functionality, thus preventing reverse-engineering (...) on the program even with the help of computing resources. The many advantages of code obfuscation, together with its low cost, makes it a popular technique. This paper proposes a novel methodology for source code obfuscation that can be used together with other traditional obfuscation techniques, making the code more robust against reverse engineering attacks. Three program complexity metrics are used to define three different single-objective combinatorial optimization versions of the problem, which are solved and analysed. Additionally, three multi-objective problems are defined, those considering each of the selected metrics together with the program execution time, in order to avoid strong obfuscations penalizing the performance. The goal of the defined problems is to find sequences of LLVM optimizations that lead to highly obfuscated versions of the original code. These transformations are applied to the back-end pseudo-assembly code (i.e., LLVM Intermediate Representation), thus avoiding any further optimizations by the compiler. Classical genetic algorithms (GAs) are used to solve the studied problems, namely a basic cellular GA for the single-objective problems and the popular NSGA-II for the multi-objective ones. The promising results show the potential of the proposed technique. (shrink)

Several studies have examined victim blaming in rape scenarios. However, there is limited research on the analysis of the perception of blame when two or more perpetrators are involved. The present article explores the perception of blame in cases involving rape based on the level of resistance shown by the victim and the presence of one or more perpetrators. A study was carried out involving 351 university students who responded to a survey after reading a hypothetical assault scenario. Six situations (...) were established where the victim showed either low or high resistance, depending on whether the resistance was verbal or physical and verbal, and in the presence of one or two male perpetrators. It is expected that perpetrators are more culpable when acting in groups and that less resistance from the victim leads to greater attribution of blame. The results confirm that more blame is attributed to the perpetrators when they act in groups than when they act alone. Likewise, women consider the victim generally exerts greater resistance and this variable influences the attribution of greater blame. (shrink)

IntroductionIncorporating technology in cognitive interventions represents an innovation, making them more accessible, flexible, and cost-effective. This will not be feasible without adequate user-technology fit. Bearing in mind the importance of developing cognitive interventions whose technology is appropriate for elderly people with cognitive impairment, the objective of this systematic review was to find evidence about usability and user experience measurements and features of stimulation, training, and cognitive rehabilitation technologies for older adults with mild cognitive impairment or dementia.MethodThe Medline, PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, (...) and PsycINFO databases were searched for literature published in the last 10 years, and three researchers independently reviewed potentially eligible studies, following specific inclusion criteria. A systematic review of the studies was conducted, presenting a qualitative synthesis of usability and UX measures with their outcomes, study characteristics and features of the cognitive intervention technologies.ResultsTen studies were selected: five were cognitive stimulation and five were cognitive training. Most of them were computer-based programs with a serious game format. Efficiency and effectiveness were the most frequent measurements used for collecting objective usability data, showing that elderly people with cognitive impairment require more time and help but can complete tasks. Regarding UX or subjective usability data, questionnaires and scales were the most used methods, reporting positive experience despite certain difficulties with the interface in five studies.ConclusionMeasuring usability and UX in cognitive intervention technologies for older adults with MCI or dementia provides an integrated view that can contribute to their development according to the needs and characteristics of the target population. More research is required to include this population group in usability and UX studies, as well as standardized tools and consensus on the relationship of these terms to guarantee the future effectiveness of cognitive intervention technologies.Review registrationThis review was registered in the PROSPERO International Register of Systematic Review Protocols. (shrink)

Los objetivos de nuestro estudio se basarán en ahondar en que el verdadero prosumer ha conformado la personificación de la interactividad absoluta en la generación de mensajes, historias o cualquier otro tipo de contenidos. Por tanto, se subraya que no solo es trascendental para la eficacia de una narración la estructura y los ingredientes de ésta, sino también la manera en que se cuenta, el medio utilizado y la plataforma de visualización. También resulta relevante el sentido de la fragmentación de (...) la propia narración para el éxito de su hiperconectividad argumental y emocional. (shrink)

This paper introduces the concept of assisted dialogue as a scaffolding tool for academic writing management shared for teachers and postgraduate students. The concept is characterized and examples of this type of intervention aimed at understanding general questions of educational research and the production of academic texts are presented.

Monetary intelligence theory asserts that individuals apply their money attitude to frame critical concerns in the context and strategically select certain options to achieve financial goals and ultimate happiness. This study explores the dark side of monetary Intelligence and behavioral economics—dishonesty. Dishonesty, a risky prospect, involves cost–benefit analysis of self-interest. We frame good or bad barrels in the environmental context as a proxy of high or low probability of getting caught for dishonesty, respectively. We theorize: The magnitude and intensity of (...) the relationship between love of money and dishonest prospect may reveal how individuals frame dishonesty in the context of two levels of subjective norm—perceived corporate ethical values at the micro-level and Corruption Perceptions Index at the macro-level, collected from multiple sources. Based on 6382 managers in 31 geopolitical entities across six continents, our cross-level three-way interaction effect illustrates: As expected, managers in good barrels, mixed barrels, and bad barrels display low, medium, and high magnitude of dishonesty, respectively. With high CEV, the intensity is the same across cultures. With low CEV, the intensity of dishonesty is the highest in high CPI entities —the Enron Effect, but the lowest in low CPI entities. CPI has a strong impact on the magnitude of dishonesty, whereas CEV has a strong impact on the intensity of dishonesty. We demonstrate dishonesty in light of monetary values and two frames of social norm, revealing critical implications to the field of behavioral economics and business ethics. (shrink)

Monetary Intelligence theory asserts that individuals apply their money attitude to frame critical concerns in the context and strategically select certain options to achieve financial goals and ultimate happiness. This study explores the bright side of Monetary Intelligence and behavioral economics, frames money attitude in the context of pay and life satisfaction, and controls money at the macro-level and micro-level. We theorize: Managers with low love of money motive but high stewardship behavior will have high subjective well-being: pay satisfaction and (...) quality of life. Data collected from 6586 managers in 32 cultures across six continents support our theory. Interestingly, GDP per capita is related to life satisfaction, but not to pay satisfaction. Individual income is related to both life and pay satisfaction. Neither GDP nor income is related to Happiness. Our theoretical model across three GDP groups offers new discoveries: In high GDP entities, “high income” not only reduces aspirations—“Rich, Motivator, and Power,” but also promotes stewardship behavior—“Budget, Give/Donate, and Contribute” and appreciation of “Achievement.” After controlling income, we demonstrate the bright side of Monetary Intelligence: Low love of money motive but high stewardship behavior define Monetary Intelligence. “Good apples enjoy good quality of life in good barrels.” This notion adds another explanation to managers’ low magnitude of dishonesty in entities with high Corruption Perceptions Index. In low GDP entities, high income is related to poor Budgeting skills and escalated Happiness. These managers experience equal satisfaction with pay and life. We add a new vocabulary to the conversation of monetary intelligence, income, GDP, happiness, subjective well-being, good and bad apples and barrels, corruption, and behavioral ethics. (shrink)

Corruption involves greed, money, and risky decision-making. We explore the love of money, pay satisfaction, probability of risk, and dishonesty across cultures. Avaricious monetary aspiration breeds unethicality. Prospect theory frames decisions in the gains-losses domain and high-low probability. Pay dissatisfaction (in the losses domain) incites dishonesty in the name of justice at the individual level. The Corruption Perceptions Index, CPI, signals a high-low probability of getting caught for dishonesty at the country level. We theorize that decision-makers adopt avaricious love-of-money aspiration (...) as a lens and frame dishonesty in the gains-losses domain (pay satisfaction-dissatisfaction, Level 1) and high-low probability (CPI, Level 2) to maximize expected utility and ultimate serenity. We challenge the myth: Pay satisfaction mitigates dishonesty across nations consistently. Based on 6500 managers in 32 countries, our cross-level three-dimensional visualization offers the following discoveries. Under high aspiration conditions, pay dissatisfaction excites the highest- (third-highest) avaricious justice-seeking dishonesty in high (medium) CPI nations, supporting the certainty effect. However, pay satisfaction provokes the second-highest avaricious opportunity-seizing dishonesty in low CPI entities, sustaining the possibility effect—maximizing expected utility. Under low aspiration conditions, high pay satisfaction consistently leads to low dishonesty, demonstrating risk aversion—achieving ultimate serenity. We expand prospect theory from a micro and individual-level theory to a cross-level theory of monetary wisdom across 32 nations. We enhance the S-shaped Curve to three 3-D corruption surfaces across three levels of the global economic pyramid, providing novel insights into behavioral economics, business ethics, the environment, and responsibility. (shrink)

A partir del comentario hecho por José L. L. Aranguren sobre «puede» y «debe» en ética, aquí se plantea el significado de los principios de ética en la situación de retroceso democrático del siglo XXI. Ha sido analizada por la filosofía y la teoría política recientes. En los años sesenta, las críticas de D. Sternberger al modelo de polis, de política cívica en las obras de H. Arendt, se apoyaban en la imagen de la ciudad hundida. Pero las preguntas (...) sobre el alcance del realismo («puede») y el lugar de los principios («debe») siguen abiertas. ¿Ultra posse nemo obligatur? Aquella imagen de la polis puede ser reemplazada por otra algo distinta, la ciudad sumergida. Se encuentra en la literatura, sería también la metáfora de la necesaria reconstrucción de las políticas democráticas, con el «deber ser» como núcleo de la cultura cívica. Los principios éticos y, en especial, justicia como equidad será aquí la referencia en dos situaciones: (1) la política de salud pública, (2) los procesos de paz. En conclusión, el marco normativo cuenta o ha de contar, tanto en la paz como en la guerra. Decir «nunca más» es también una forma de recordar el papel crucial de los principios. (shrink)

Partiendo de las deficiencias detectadas en la realización de la discusión diagnóstica por los estudiantes de Medicina, determinadas en un estudio previo realizado en la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de Camagüey, se diseñó una metodología para perfeccionar la realización de la discusión diagnóstica en la carrera de Medicina, en la cual se incluyeron un sistema de tareas y las acciones que permiten alcanzar el desarrollo de las habilidades relacionadas con la misma. También se reflejaron las formas organizativas de enseñanza y (...) las actividades de educación en el trabajo en las que se deben abordar los elementos de la metodología, así como la propuesta de criterios evaluativos para estas habilidades, y otros aspectos como la ejecución y evaluación de la metodología. Se consideró que esta propuesta metodológica puede constituir una herramienta útil para los profesores en la conducción del proceso de adquisición de las habilidades de razonamiento clínico en los estudiantes. On the basis of the deficiencies identified in the realization of the diagnostic discussion by medical students, which were determined in a previous study carried out in the Faculty of medical sciences of Camagüey, a methodology was designed to improve the realization of the diagnostic discussion in Medicine degree, which included a set of tasks and actions that allow the development of skills related to it. Also, the teaching organization forms and education activities at work that must deal with methodology elements were stated, as well as the proposal of assessment criteria for these skills and other aspects like assessment and implementation of methodology. It was considered that this methodology can be used as a useful tool for teachers as guides in the process of students´ acquirement of clinical reasoning skills. (shrink)

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de Camagüey en el período comprendido entre septiembre del 2011 y marzo del 2012 con el objetivo de caracterizar el desarrollo de las habilidades de razonamiento clínico en los estudiantes de la carrera de Medicina. La muestra fue de 14 profesores de la disciplina de Medicina Interna y 110 estudiantes que terminaron recientemente el tercer año de la carrera de Medicina. La información fue recogida a través de una (...) entrevista a profundidad a informantes claves, un grupo focal con profesores del colectivo de la asignatura de Medicina Interna; además se encuestaron a través de un cuestionario con preguntas mixtas a la muestra de estudiantes seleccionada. Los profesores y alumnos coinciden en que hay deficiencias en el aprovechamiento del fondo de tiempo en la educación en el trabajo para el desarrollo de las habilidades de razonamiento clínico, así como insuficiencias en la orientación y evaluación de la actividad. A transverse descriptive study was conducted at the Faculty of Medical Sciences of Camagüey in the period between September 2011 and March 2012 with the aim of characterizing the development of the skills of clinical reasoning in medical students. The sample was composed by 14 teachers in the disciplines of Internal Medicine and 110 students who recently completed the third year of Medicine. The information was collected through an in-depth interview with key informants, a focus group with professors of the course of Internal Medicine;the sample of students selected was alsosurveyed through a questionnaire with mixed questions. Teachers and students agree that there are deficiencies in the use of the amount of time in education at work for the development of skills in clinical reasoning, as well as inadequacies in guidance and evaluation of the activity. (shrink)

Se realizó revisión bibliográfica sobre la adquisición de las habilidades de razonamiento clínico en los estudiantes de medicina y sus principales deficiencias, los principios didácticos que rigen la actividad y el desarrollo de las habilidades en la Educación General, así como su aplicación en el proceso de enseñanza- aprendizaje en la carrera de Medicina, concretados en cómo realizar el enfoque de dicho proceso en los diferentes momentos de la actividad: orientación, ejecución y control. A bibliographical revision on Medicine students acquisition (...) of clinical reasoning skills and its main shortcomings, the didactic principles that rule the activity and development of skills in General education as well as its implementation in the teaching learning process in medicine, focused on how to approach to such a process in the different stages of the activity: guidance, implementation and control, was carried out. (shrink)

Legaz Lacamba, L. José Ignacio de Alcorta, filósofo de nuestro tiempo.--Semblanza del profesor Alcorta.--Rodríguez Resina, A. El realismo trascendental, introducción a la filosofía de J. I. de Alcorta.

This paper proposes and analyzes the psychometric properties of the PREVI-A scale. It describes the process of item development, the factorial structure of the scale, reliability, evidence of validity and diagnostic performance with regard to recidivism risk in juvenile offenders. The sample was made up of 212 juvenile offenders held at detention centers run by the Madrid Agency for Reeducation and Reintegration of Juvenile Offenders, a regional government body. Statistical analyses were used to corroborate the theoretical factorial structure of the (...) PREVI-A, which consists of six risk/protection dimensions based on the Risk-Needs-Responsivity Model, and to obtain empirical support for the reliability and validity of PREVI-A as a tool to assess the risk of recidivism by juvenile offenders in Spain. (shrink)

El acceso al Derecho y a unos servicios jurídicos básicos constituye una exigencia fundamental del Estado de Derecho. El desarrollo de aplicaciones de inteligencia artificial jurídica capaces de proporcionar un mejor conocimiento y comprensión del Derecho aplicable en cada situación particular ha difuminado, llegando incluso a eliminar en algunas áreas de la práctica legal, la distinción entre “información jurídica” y "asesoramiento legal”. A partir de ahí, la conjunción de la inteligencia artificial jurídica, la computación en la nube y las TICs (...) para producir conocimiento jurídico “customizado” y distribuirlo masivamente a través de la red está generando formas disruptivas de prestación de los servicios jurídicos que pueden ayudar a colmar bolsas hasta ahora desatendidas de necesidades jurídicas básicas. Ello requiere, sin embargo, un nuevoenfoque regulador de los servicios legales. (shrink)

8 March, now known as International Women’s Day, is a day for feminist claims where demonstrations are organized in over 150 countries, with the participation of millions of women all around the world. These demonstrations can be viewed as collective rituals and thus focus attention on the processes that facilitate different psychosocial effects. This work aims to explore the mechanisms involved in participation in the demonstrations of 8 March 2020, collective and ritualized feminist actions, and their correlates associated with personal (...) well-being and collective well-being, collective efficacy and collective growth, and behavioral intention to support the fight for women’s rights. To this end, a cross-cultural study was conducted with the participation of 2,854 people from countries in Latin America and Europe, with a retrospective correlational cross-sectional design and a convenience sample. Participants were divided between demonstration participants and non-demonstrators or followers who monitored participants through the media and social networks. Compared with non-demonstrators and with males, female and non-binary gender respondents had greater scores in mechanisms and criterion variables. Further random-effects model meta-analyses revealed that the perceived emotional synchrony was consistently associated with more proximal mechanisms, as well as with criterion variables. Finally, sequential moderation analyses showed that proposed mechanisms successfully mediated the effects of participation on every criterion variable. These results indicate that participation in 8M marches and demonstrations can be analyzed through the literature on collective rituals. As such, collective participation implies positive outcomes both individually and collectively, which are further reinforced through key psychological mechanisms, in line with a Durkheimian approach to collective rituals. (shrink)

Since the mid-20th century, the study of Self-Regulated Learning has aimed to identify the distinctive characteristics that enable individuals to acquire new knowledge and skills under their control. The theory of Internal Self-Regulation vs. External-Regulation in Learning has postulated that a large number of self-regulatory variables are mediated by regulated/non-regulated or dysregulated features of the context. After signing their informed consent, a total of 616 university students completed validated instruments of SRL vs. ERL, behavioral regulation, regulatory teaching, and metacognitive study (...) control strategies. Using an ex-post facto design and correlation, regression, structural equation model and mediation analyses, the present research aimed to establish multicausal predictive relationships among the analyzed variables. Results indicated positive predictive effects between the external regulation variables on the self-regulation variables in learning [regulation /non-regulation /dysregulation ]; as well as positive predictive effects between SRL on SRB, RT and metacognitive SRS. Additionally, external regulation not only predicted but mediated numerous relations among the variables studied. Other findings and important considerations for future research in the field of self-regulation are discussed. (shrink)

En las Filípicas, Cicerón utilizó una amplia variedad de invectivas para denigrar a Antonio, retratándolo como un individuo antisocial que encarnaba todas las taras morales y vicios. Lo describió como un enemigo del Estado y un tirano que aspiraba a la autocracia y buscaba eliminar a los boni, defensores de la República. Estos insultos se analizan a lo largo del artículo y se observa en ellos una inversión de las virtudes cardinales descritas por Cicerón. Según Cicerón, estas virtudes eran las (...) cualidades que un estadista debía poseer, tal y como se detalla en su obra De Officiis, que escribió al mismo tiempo que pronunciaba las Filípicas. (shrink)

This essay explores the contact between the Italian and Argentine cultures during the period of mass immigration by pointing out and commenting on a series of translations and artistic creations made by Italian artists in Buenos Aires: musical, literary, theatrical and pictorial works. In order to understand how the semiotic frontier was composed, we approached the question from a methodology that arises at the intersection of the phenomenon of translation and the semiotic theory of cultural interaction. Thinking about translation in (...) this way highlights its sociological dimension given the links that the source-text establishes with the programs of certain trends in the organization of a culture. The methodology consists on the description of the semiotic frontier showing which texts are of interest to whom and for what. In this way, we seek to understand how a certain tendency was positioned in relation to the project of sustaining italianità in Buenos Aires at the end of the 19th Century. The path proposed shows the frontier between the Italian and Argentine cultures as a bilingual mechanism of mediation from which a cultural group of immigrants developed actions to propose the textual and metatextual guidelines of c. (shrink)

Reflection on the development of bioethics in pharmaceutical professional organizations. Professional excellence Reflexão sobre o desenvolvimento da Bioética nas organizações profissionais farmacêuticas. A excelência profissional For some years, the collegiate organizations of the pharmaceutical profession are being challenged, not only by external agents, but also by the professionals themselves. There is a certain criticism in the response, especially in aspects that have to do with the role they must play in the development and activity of professional practice, in their domestic, (...) external and internal purposes and in the characteristics they must possess as organizations in service of these professionals and society. We understand that the development, revision and updating of Bioethics, as well as training in this field in professional organizations, contributes to that transcendent excellence in the profession, provokes a real knowledge of it in all its dimensions and with the power to act in total freedom from threats or internal or external restrictions. Para citar este artículo / To reference this article / Para citar este artigo Centenera-Jaraba JI, López-Guzmán J. Reflexión acerca del desarrollo de la bioética en las organizaciones profesionales farmacéuticas. La excelencia profesional. Pers Bioet. 2019; 23: 49-63. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5294/pebi.2019.23.1.4 Recepción: 15/02/2018 Aceptación: 16/04/2019. (shrink)